In Nigeria, the award of $2.1 million will support a population-based epidemiological study to estimate COVID-19 prevalence in communities, household transmission, the proportion of subclinical infections, and risk factors for infection, using methods similar to the World Health Organization Unity Studies to ensure comparability across countries.

The study will be led by principal investigator Kristen Stafford, PhD, MPH, assistant professor of epidemiology and public health and Ciheb associate director, IHV, UMSOM. Data generated from this study will characterize the spectrum of disease resulting from COVID-19 and provide critical information on the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19. 

This information will be vital to inform local response efforts, including the development of strategies to target potential prevention and control interventions to high risk groups, develop clinical treatment guidelines to mitigate the effects of COVID-19, and strengthen the health system to respond to the pandemic.  In addition, technical assistance will be provided to enhance and strengthen disease surveillance and improve laboratory diagnostics.

In Botswana, under the leadership of country director Ndwapi Ndwapi, MD, the award of $810,000 will support the development of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance systems for the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness to capture community circulation and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This will include establishing sentinel surveillance sites to more rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2.

Other measures that will be supported include the development of a web-based surveillance data entry platform to enable real-time situational awareness, the implementation of a standardized approach to data collection and reporting for comparability across sites in Botswana and facilitating timely sharing of surveillance data between human and animal sectors to inform evidence-based planning. The funding will also support measures to facilitate social distancing and decongestion at health care facilities by constructing temporary consultation areas and the procurement of personal protective equipment for health care workers.

In Malawi, the award of $795,000 will enhance the Malawi Ministry of Health’s laboratory capacity in five primary areas: training, quality control, supplies, services, and waste management. This initiative is led by Alash’le Abimiku, PhD, professor of medicine, IHV, UMSOM, and the executive director of the International Research Center of Excellence at the Institute of Human Virology–Nigeria.

Interventions will include bench-level technical assistance and training at 10 molecular labs located across the nation to ensure technicians are skilled in implementing diagnostics for COVID-19, using both the Daan Gene Assay and the CDC COVID-19 protocol. Laboratory quality assurance will also be improved with a focus on specimen collection management and tracking, data collection and management, proficiency testing, and external quality assurance.

In Mozambique, the award of $380,000 will ensure maintenance for ABI 7500 and ABI 7900 PCR instruments installed at the National Institute of Health in Maputo Province. These instruments are used for COVID-19 diagnosis, and regular maintenance is necessary to ensure accurate diagnoses.

The award, also led by Abimiku, will also provide GeneXpert operations training, support the installation of the COVID-19 software and instrument hardware, and ensure DISA-Lab operational connectivity on GeneXpert instruments at 11 locations across the nation. The award will also fund the procurement of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test kits.

Additionally, Ciheb is leading cross-cutting COVID-19 response efforts in each of the eight countries in which it works. Ciheb teams are developing clinical guidelines, improving patient triage, developing and implementing clinic safety protocols, and procuring needed personal protective equipment.

“The global threat of this pandemic requires that we work cooperatively with other nations on developing and implementing targeted response actions,” said UMSOM Dean E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA, who is also executive vice president for medical affairs, University of Maryland, Baltimore, and the John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor, UMSOM.  “The School of Medicine, through Ciheb and the Institute of Human Virology, is proud to contribute its expertise to the ongoing work on the African continent supported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.”

About Ciheb

Ciheb is a leading international education, development, and research center within the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM). Ciheb was founded in 2016 by the Institute of Human Virology at UMSOM. Ciheb’s mission is to conduct research, provide training, and implement evidence-based interventions at the patient, community, and population levels for sustainable positive impact. Ciheb’s global teams work to expand health service capacity and quality of service in developing nations confronting epidemic diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and also develop strategies for early detection and rapid response to biological threats as part of the U.S. Global Health Security Agenda. For more information, see Ciheb.org.

About the Institute of Human Virology

Formed in 1996 as a partnership between the State of Maryland, the City of Baltimore, the University System of Maryland, and the University of Maryland Medical System, IHV is an institute of the University of Maryland School of Medicine and is home to some of the most globally recognized and world-renowned experts in all of virology. The IHV combines the disciplines of basic research, epidemiology, and clinical research in a concerted effort to speed the discovery of diagnostics and therapeutics for a wide variety of chronic and deadly viral and immune disorders - most notably, HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. For more information, see www.ihv.org.